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- THE TWO NOBLE KINSMEN
-
- Background
- WHEN it first appeared in print, in 1634, The Two Noble Kinsmenwas stated to
- be æby the memorable worthies of their time, Mr John Fletcher, and Mr William
- ShakespeareÆ. There is no reason to disbelieve this ascription: many plays of the
- period were not printed till long after they were acted, and there is other
- evidence that Shakespeare collaborated with Fletcher (1579-1625). The morris
- dance in Act 3, Scene 5, contains characters who also appear in Francis
- Beaumont's Masque of the Inner Temple and Gray's Inn performed before
- James I on 20 February 1613. Their dance was a great success with the King;
- probably the King's Men - some of whom may have taken part in the masque -
- decided to exploit its success by incorporating it in a play written soon
- afterwards, in the last year of Shakespeare's playwriting life.
-
- The Two Noble Kinsmen, a tragicomedy of the kind that became popular during
- the last years of the first decade of the seventeenth century, is based on
- Chaucer's Knight's Tale, on which Shakespeare had already drawn for episodes
- of A Midsummer Night's Dream. It tells a romantic tale of the conflicting
- claims of love and friendship: the ætwo noble kinsmenÆ, Palamon and Arcite,
- are the closest of friends until each falls in love with Emilia, sister-in-law of
- Theseus, Duke of Athens. Their conflict is finally resolved by a formal combat
- with Emilia as the prize, in which the loser is to be executed. Arcite wins, and
- Palamon's head is on the block as news arrives that Arcite has been thrown
- from his horse. Dying, Arcite commends Emilia to his friend, and Theseus
- rounds off the play with a meditation on the paradoxes of fortune.
-
- Studies of style suggest that Shakespeare was primarily responsible for the
- rhetorically and ritualistically impressive Act 1; for Act 2, Scene 1; Act 3,
- Scenes 1 and 2; and for most of Act 5 (Scene 4 excepted), which includes
- emblematically spectacular episodes related to his other late plays. Fletcher
- appears mainly to have written the scenes showing the rivalry of Palamon and
- Arcite along with the sub-plots concerned with the Jailer's daughter's love for
- Palamon and the rustics' entertainment for Theseus.
-
- Though the play was adapted by William Davenant as The Rivals (1664), its
- first known performances since the seventeenth century were at the Old Vic in
- 1928; it has been played only occasionally since then, but was chosen to open
- the Swan Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1986. Critical interest, too, has
- been slight; but Shakespeare's contributions are entirely characteristic of his late
- style, and Fletcher's scenes are both touching and funny.
-
-
- THE PERSONS OF THE PLAY
-
- PROLOGUE
- THESEUS, Duke of Athens
- HIPPOLYTA, Queen of the Amazons, later wife of Theseus
- EMILIA, her sister
- PIRITHOUS, friend of Theseus
- PALAMON } the two noble kinsmen, cousins, nephews of
- ARCITE } Creon, the King of Thebes
- Hymen, god of marriage
- A BOY, who sings
- ARTESIUS, an Athenian soldier
- Three QUEENS, widows of kings killed in the siege of Thebes
- VALERIUS, a Theban
- A HERALD
- WOMAN, attending Emilia
- An Athenian GENTLEMAN
- MESSENGERS
- Six KNIGHTS, three attending Arcite and three Palamon
- A SERVANT
- A JAILERin charge of Theseus' prison
- The JAILER'S DAUGHTER
- The JAILER'S BROTHER
- The WOOERof the Jailer's daughter
- Two FRIENDS of the Jailer
- A DOCTOR
- Six COUNTRYMEN, one dressed as a babion, or baboon
- Gerald, a SCHOOLMASTER
- NELL, a country wench
- Four other country wenches: Friz, Madeline, Luce, and Barbara
- Timothy, a TABORER
- EPILOGUE
- Nymphs, attendants, maids, executioner, guard
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-
- Prologue
-
- (Flourish. Enter Prologue)
- l1l Prologue New plays and maidenheads are near akin:
- l2l Much followed both, for both much money givÆn
- l3l If they stand sound and well. And a good play,
- l4l Whose modest scenes blush on his marriage day
- l5l And shake to lose his honour, is like her
- l6l That after holy tie and first nightÆs stir
- l7l Yet still is modesty, and still retains
- l8l More of the maid to sight than husbandÆs pains.
- l9l We pray our play may be so, for I am sure
- l10l It has a noble breeder and a pure,
- l11l A learnΦd, and a poet never went
- l12l More famous yet Ætwixt Po and silver Trent.
- l13l Chaucer, of all admired, the story gives:
- l14l There constant to eternity it lives.
- l15l If we let fall the nobleness of this
- l16l And the first sound this child hear be a hiss,
- l17l How will it shake the bones of that good man,
- l18l And make him cry from under ground, ôO fan
- l19l From me the witless chaff of such a writer,
- l20l That blasts my bays and my famed works makes lighter
- l21l Than Robin Hoodö? This is the fear we bring,
- l22l For to say truth, it were an endless thing
- l23l And too ambitious to aspire to him,
- l24l Weak as we are, and almost breathless swim
- l25l In this deep water. Do but you hold out
- l26l Your helping hands and we shall tack about
- l27l And something do to save us. You shall hear
- l28l Scenes, though below his art, may yet appear
- l29l Worth two hoursÆ travail. To his bones, sweet sleep;
- l30l Content to you. If this play do not keep
- l31l A little dull time from us, we perceive
- l32l Our losses fall so thick we must needs leave.
- (Flourish. Exit)
-